Vol. 7, Issue 6, Part A (2025)

Microplastics, defined as plastic particles smaller than 5 millimetres, have raised environmental concerns due to their widespread distribution and potential health risks. This abstract aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the health impacts of microplastics and their systemic toxic effects. The research objective is to understand the mechanisms of toxicity and the specific health conditions associated with microplastic exposure. The methodology includes a review of relevant studies and scientific observations. The key findings reveal that microplastics can lead to respiratory issues, gastrointestinal dysbiosis, hepatotoxicity, renal toxicity, cardiovascular diseases, neurotoxicity, reproductive and developmental toxicity, endocrine disruptions, hormonal imbalances, metabolic disruptions, and is a potential carcinogen. The main implications are the need for reducing plastic consumption, improving waste management, promoting biodegradable alternatives, and implementing stringent policies to curb microplastic production. Overall, this research emphasizes the importance of addressing the health risks posed by microplastics and implementing effective mitigation strategies.