Vol. 7, Issue 5, Part A (2025)

Age-related diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer, are major health concerns globally. Cellular senescence, characterized by irreversible cell cycle arrest, plays a central role in the aging process and the development of these diseases. The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, a key regulator of cellular growth and metabolism, has been implicated in both aging and the progression of age-related diseases. Emerging evidence suggests that polyphenols, plant-derived bioactive compounds, can modulate the mTOR pathway and influence cellular senescence. These compounds exhibit antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer properties, which may help alleviate the detrimental effects of aging and prevent age-related diseases. This review explores the role of polyphenols in modulating the mTOR signaling pathway, with a particular focus on their effects on cellular senescence. We examine how polyphenols can influence the mTOR pathway at different levels, from activation to inhibition, and discuss their potential therapeutic implications in mitigating aging-related cellular dysfunction. Polyphenols such as resveratrol, quercetin, and curcumin have demonstrated mTOR modulation, with studies showing a reduction in cellular senescence markers and improved cellular function. Additionally, the potential for these compounds in clinical applications for age-related diseases is evaluated. The review highlights the need for further research to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying polyphenol action on mTOR and its link to cellular senescence. Ultimately, understanding these interactions could provide new avenues for the development of dietary interventions and pharmaceuticals aimed at promoting healthy aging and preventing age-related diseases.