Vol. 7, Issue 4, Part A (2025)

Plant extracts have traditionally been utilized as an alternate reservoir of antibacterial chemicals. The exploration of alternate, cost-effective sources became necessary due to the recent proliferation of multi-drug-resistant bacteria and the subsequent rise in treatment expenses. The Hypnaceae is a highly diverse and expansive family of pleurocarpous mosses, with over 60 taxa. The antibacterial activity of the ethanolic extract of Isopterygium albescences was investigated against two Gram-positive bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis, as well as two Gram-negative bacteria, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, using the Kirby Bauer Disc diffusion test. Discs made of paper were created, containing various concentrations of the extracts (150, 250, and 500 μg ML-1), as well as an ethanol control and a standard antibiotic control. A GC/MS analysis was conducted to examine the phytochemical constituents found in the methanolic extracts of the plant. The plants were analyzed using GC/MS, and a total of 7 distinct phytochemical substances were discovered. Bryophyte-derived secondary metabolites exhibit diverse pharmacological actions, such as antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activities. The investigation utilized the methanolic extract. The extract underwent filtration and concentration by the utilization of a rotary evaporator. The antibacterial activity was assessed against four established bacterial strains. The ethanolic extract shown inhibitory effects on all four tested strains, encompassing both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Two bacteria, one gram-positive and one gram-negative, were utilized. The following microbial strains were selected: Staphylococcus aureus MTCC 96, Bacillus subtilis MTCC 1133, Escherichia coli MTCC 452, Pseudomonas aeruginosa MTCC 3541, and Candida albicans MTCC 183, a fungal strain.