Vol. 7, Issue 2, Part A (2025)

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have gained significant attention due to their unique physicochemical properties and wide range of applications in various fields, including medicine, industry, and environmental science. These nanoparticles, typically ranging from 1 to 100 nm, exhibit enhanced antimicrobial activity, making them particularly useful in the treatment and prevention of infections caused by both antibiotic-resistant and non-resistant microorganisms. This review highlights the beneficial effects of AgNPs, focusing on their antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory properties, as well as their role in wound healing. AgNPs demonstrate remarkable effectiveness against a broad spectrum of pathogens, including Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, fungi, and viruses. Their small size enables better cellular penetration, enhancing their therapeutic potential. Additionally, AgNPs have shown promise in reducing inflammation and promoting tissue regeneration in wound healing applications. Despite these benefits, the increasing use of AgNPs raises concerns regarding their safety and potential toxicity, necessitating further research to understand their long-term effects on human health and the environment. This review also discusses the challenges and future directions for the safe application of AgNPs in various industries and biomedical fields.