Vol. 7, Issue 10, Part B (2025)

Climate change is reshaping ecosystems worldwide, driving profound shifts in the distribution, abundance, and seasonal dynamics of disease vectors including mosquitoes, ticks, and parasites. These ecological transformations are expanding the geographical range of vector-borne diseases, intensifying transmission dynamics, and creating unprecedented challenges for global health systems. This review synthesizes current evidence on the relationship between climate-driven ecological change and infectious disease patterns, with a focus on the implications for healthcare surveillance, diagnostics, and treatment strategies. The review first explores the ecological mechanisms through which rising temperatures, altered precipitation patterns, and extreme weather events expand vector habitats and facilitate novel pathogen-vector-host interactions. It then examines the epidemiological consequences, highlighting case studies of malaria, dengue fever, Zika virus, Lyme disease, and schistosomiasis in different global regions. The healthcare implications are critically analyzed, emphasizing the need for adaptive surveillance systems, innovative diagnostic tools, and responsive treatment protocols that can anticipate shifting disease burdens. Furthermore, the review considers socioeconomic and policy dimensions, including the disproportionate impact of vector-borne disease expansion on resource-limited health systems and the necessity of coordinated global health governance. Challenges such as data limitations, uncertainty in predictive models, and healthcare system vulnerabilities are discussed, alongside opportunities for leveraging climate-adaptive technologies and integrated vector management approaches. By framing vector ecology as a critical interface between environmental change and human health, this article underscores the urgency of proactive adaptation in healthcare systems. The review concludes with forward-looking recommendations for enhancing resilience against the infectious disease risks of a warming world, positioning climate-responsive healthcare as an essential pillar of global health security.